The Craft Behind the Story Read online

Chapter 14 · The Subplot

14. Sources Cited

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14.1 Criticism, narratology and theory

  • Aristotle. Poetics. c. 335 BCE. Translated by Malcolm Heath. London: Penguin, 1996.
  • Auerbach, Erich. Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Translated by Willard R. Trask. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Translated by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981.
  • Barthes, Roland. S/Z. Translated by Richard Miller. New York: Hill and Wang, 1974.
  • Bradley, A. C. Shakespearean Tragedy. London: Macmillan, 1904.
  • Brooks, Peter. Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.
  • Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978.
  • Empson, William. Some Versions of Pastoral. London: Chatto & Windus, 1935. [Chapter 2, “Double Plots”.]
  • Forster, E. M. Aspects of the Novel. London: Edward Arnold, 1927.
  • Genette, Gérard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Translated by Jane E. Lewin. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980.
  • Levin, Richard. The Multiple Plot in English Renaissance Drama. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
  • Moretti, Franco. Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for a Literary History. London: Verso, 2005.
  • Rabinowitz, Peter J. Before Reading: Narrative Conventions and the Politics of Interpretation. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987.
  • Shklovsky, Viktor. “Art as Device.” 1917. In Theory of Prose, translated by Benjamin Sher. Elmwood Park, IL: Dalkey Archive, 1990.
  • Sternberg, Meir. Expositional Modes and Temporal Ordering in Fiction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.
  • Watt, Ian. The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding. London: Chatto & Windus, 1957.
  • Woloch, Alex. The One vs. the Many: Minor Characters and the Space of the Protagonist in the Realist Novel. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.

14.2 Cognitive and empirical studies of reading

  • Emmott, Catherine. Narrative Comprehension: A Discourse Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  • Gerrig, Richard J. Experiencing Narrative Worlds: On the Psychological Activities of Reading. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.
  • Zwaan, Rolf A., and Gabriel A. Radvansky. “Situation Models in Language Comprehension and Memory.” Psychological Bulletin 123, no. 2 (1998): 162–185.

14.3 Craft literature

  • Burroway, Janet. Writing Fiction: A Guide to Narrative Craft. Boston: Pearson, various editions.
  • McKee, Robert. Story: Substance, Structure, Style and the Principles of Screenwriting. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.
  • Swain, Dwight V. Techniques of the Selling Writer. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
  • Yorke, John. Into the Woods: A Five-Act Journey into Story. London: Particular Books, 2013.

14.4 Primary texts discussed

Passages are quoted or described briefly for the purposes of criticism and study. Where a work was not written in English, the translations consulted are named.

  • Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. 1847.
  • Brontë, Emily. Wuthering Heights. 1847.
  • Cervantes, Miguel de. Don Quixote. 1605, 1615.
  • Dickens, Charles. Bleak House. 1852–53; Great Expectations. 1861; Our Mutual Friend. 1864–65.
  • Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. 1880. Trans. Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky (1990); also Constance Garnett.
  • Eliot, George. Middlemarch. 1871–72.
  • Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. 1862. Trans. Norman Denny (1976); Christine Donougher (2013).
  • Joyce, James. Ulysses. 1922.
  • Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick. 1851.
  • Shakespeare, William. King Lear. c. 1606; Henry IV, Parts 1 and 2. c. 1597–98.
  • Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. 1939.
  • Thackeray, William Makepeace. Vanity Fair. 1847–48.
  • Tolstoy, Leo. War and Peace. 1865–69. Trans. Louise and Aylmer Maude. Anna Karenina. 1875–77. Trans. Constance Garnett; also the Maudes, Pevear and Volokhonsky, Rosamund Bartlett, Marian Schwartz.
  • Woolf, Virginia. Mrs Dalloway. 1925; To the Lighthouse. 1927.

14.5 Added in the second edition

The Core chapter’s post-2000 and screen cases, each checked by a narrow lookup (recorded in the edition’s examples register):

  • Atkinson, Kate. Case Histories. 2004. [Three old cases, 1970, 1979 and 1994, and the private detective Jackson Brodie, hired on all three.]
  • Franzen, Jonathan. The Corrections. 2001. [Sections given to members of the Lambert family; Enid’s want of “one last Christmas” in St. Jude.]
  • Moriarty, Liane. Big Little Lies. 2014. [Chapters counting down to a school trivia night, with witness statements; Perry revealed as Jane’s attacker, Saxon Banks; the bullying done by Celeste’s son.]
  • Smith, Zadie. White Teeth. 2000. [The FutureMouse unveiling on New Year’s Eve 1992; James Wood’s “hysterical realism”.]
  • Love Actually. Written and directed by Richard Curtis. 2003. [Ten linked love stories, opening and closing at Heathrow arrivals.]
  • The Wire, season 4. Created by David Simon. HBO, 2006. [School, campaign, police and street; Randy Wagstaff passed from system to system.]
  • Wood, James. “Human, All Too Inhuman: The Smallness of the ‘Big’ Novel.” The New Republic, 24 July 2000.