The Craft Behind the Story Read online

Chapter 7 · Backstory and Flashback

14. Sources Cited

Continue in Core

14.1 Narratology, criticism and theory

  • Auerbach, Erich. Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Translated by Willard R. Trask. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953. [German original 1946.]
  • Bal, Mieke. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. 4th ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017.
  • Barthes, Roland. “The Reality Effect.” In The Rustle of Language, translated by Richard Howard, 141–148. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. [French original 1968.]
  • Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983. [First edition 1961.]
  • Brooks, Peter. Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.
  • Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978.
  • Cohn, Dorrit. Transparent Minds: Narrative Modes for Presenting Consciousness in Fiction. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978.
  • Genette, Gérard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Translated by Jane E. Lewin. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980. [French original 1972.]
  • Lubbock, Percy. The Craft of Fiction. London: Jonathan Cape, 1921.
  • Mendilow, A. A. Time and the Novel. London: Peter Nevill, 1952.
  • Ricoeur, Paul. Time and Narrative. 3 vols. Translated by Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984–1988. [French original 1983–1985.]
  • Shklovsky, Viktor. “Art as Device.” 1917.
  • Sternberg, Meir. Expositional Modes and Temporal Ordering in Fiction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.
  • Turim, Maureen. Flashbacks in Film: Memory and History. New York: Routledge, 1989.

14.2 Cognitive and empirical studies of reading

  • Emmott, Catherine. Narrative Comprehension: A Discourse Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  • Gerrig, Richard J. Experiencing Narrative Worlds: On the Psychological Activities of Reading. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.
  • Ohtsuka, Keisuke, and William F. Brewer. “Discourse Organization in the Comprehension of Temporal Order in Narrative Texts.” Discourse Processes 15, no. 3 (1992): 317–336.
  • Zwaan, Rolf A., and Gabriel A. Radvansky. “Situation Models in Language Comprehension and Memory.” Psychological Bulletin 123, no. 2 (1998): 162–185.

14.3 Trauma, memory and its critics

  • Caruth, Cathy. Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
  • Craps, Stef. Postcolonial Witnessing: Trauma Out of Bounds. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
  • LaCapra, Dominick. Writing History, Writing Trauma. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
  • Leys, Ruth. Trauma: A Genealogy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

14.4 Craft literature

  • Burroway, Janet. Writing Fiction: A Guide to Narrative Craft. Multiple editions.
  • Gardner, John. The Art of Fiction: Notes on Craft for Young Writers. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983.
  • James, Henry. The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1934.
  • Le Guin, Ursula K. Steering the Craft. Rev. ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015.
  • McKee, Robert. Story: Substance, Structure, Style, and the Principles of Screenwriting. New York: ReganBooks, 1997.
  • Swain, Dwight V. Techniques of the Selling Writer. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.

14.5 Primary texts discussed

Passages are quoted briefly for the purposes of criticism and study. Where a work was not written in English, the translation used is named.

  • Balzac, Honoré de. Père Goriot. 1835.
  • Brontë, Emily. Wuthering Heights. 1847.
  • Cervantes, Miguel de. Don Quixote. 1605, 1615.
  • Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. 1861.
  • Faulkner, William. Absalom, Absalom! 1936; The Sound and the Fury. 1929.
  • Ford, Ford Madox. The Good Soldier. 1915.
  • García Márquez, Gabriel. One Hundred Years of Solitude. 1967. Trans. Gregory Rabassa (1970).
  • Homer. Odyssey. Discussed via Auerbach.
  • Hugo, Victor. Les Misérables. 1862.
  • Ishiguro, Kazuo. The Remains of the Day. 1989.
  • Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick. 1851.
  • Morrison, Toni. Beloved. 1987.
  • Proust, Marcel. À la recherche du temps perdu. 1913–1927. English versions referred to: trans. C. K. Scott Moncrieff (1922–1931); the Kilmartin and Enright revision; Swann’s Way, trans. Lydia Davis (2002).
  • Salih, Tayeb. Season of Migration to the North. 1966. Trans. Denys Johnson-Davies (1969).
  • Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. 1818.
  • Tolstoy, Leo. The Death of Ivan Ilyich. 1886. Trans. Louise and Aylmer Maude.
  • Woolf, Virginia. Mrs Dalloway. 1925.

14.6 Second-edition sources

Examples added in the second edition (Core chapter) and the sources used to verify them.

  • Barnes, Julian. The Sense of an Ending. 2011. (Booker Prize 2011; two parts; Sarah Ford’s bequest of £500 and Adrian’s diary; Tony’s letter, malicious, and his memory of it: Wikipedia, “The Sense of an Ending”.)
  • French, Tana. In the Woods. 2007. (Knocknaree, 1984; three children, one found against an oak with blood in his shoes and no memory; the case never solved; the Katy Devlin murder; Edgar Award for Best First Novel, 2008: Wikipedia, “In the Woods”.)
  • Morton, Kate. The Forgotten Garden. 2008. (Timelines of 1913, 1975 and 2005; Nell told on her twenty-first birthday; the fairy-tale book; Cassandra: Wikipedia, “The Forgotten Garden”.)
  • Owens, Delia. Where the Crawdads Sing. 2018. (Strands from 1952 and 1969, converging at the arrest and trial; the poem and shell necklace found after Kya’s death: Wikipedia; The Bibliofile summary.)
  • Lost, season 3, episodes 22–23, “Through the Looking Glass”. ABC, 23 May 2007. (The series’ first flash-forward, presented as flashback; “We have to go back”: Wikipedia, “Through the Looking Glass (Lost)”.)
  • Arrival. Dir. Denis Villeneuve, 2016; from Ted Chiang, “Story of Your Life” (1998). (The daughter scenes presented as memories and revealed as the future: Wikipedia, “Arrival (film)”.)
  • Ohtsuka, Keisuke, and William F. Brewer. “Discourse Organization in the Comprehension of Temporal Order in Narrative Texts.” Discourse Processes 15.3 (1992): 317–336. (Citation confirmed; the abstract could not be consulted in this edition’s checks, so the Core chapter states the finding in general terms.)