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Chapter 13 · The Viewpoint Shift

13. Glossary

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Access — The domain of purpose in which a grant buys presence at events the existing vantage cannot attend. §4.1.

Allocation problem — This chapter’s term for the structural decision about how a finite quantity of reader attention and identification is distributed across a cast. §1.1.

Bounded grant — A viewpoint grant held for one chapter or section, with no return. The cheapest form of a later grant. §6.3 no. 6, §6.6.

Character compression — Woloch’s account of the effect of restricted character-space on a character’s presentation: flatness, the type, the repeated identifying tag. Not an absence of depth but the visible mark of depth excluded. §3.3, §7.1 no. 10. Named so in this edition to keep it apart from Chapter 2’s compression of page-space against story-weight.

Character-space — Woloch’s term for the particular and delimited position a character occupies within a narrative, and the friction between an implied person and the room afforded them. §3.3.

Character-system — Woloch’s term for the arrangement of many character-spaces into one structure of distributed attention. §3.3.

Contrast (viewpoint domain) — The domain in which a grant buys access to a materially different way of seeing. §4.3.

Distinguishability test — The diagnostic that exchanges the contents of two viewpoint sections and asks whether a reader could tell. §7.1 no. 4.

Dramatic irony — The domain in which a grant buys the reader knowledge a character lacks. §4.2.

Empathy budget — The chapter’s working metaphor: reader identification as a finite pool divided among viewpoint characters. Formalised by Woloch’s character-system (§3.3) and criticised at §16.

Epistemological domain — This chapter’s proposed sixth domain: a vantage granted to demonstrate that no single vantage can know the events. §4.6. Chapter 10’s authority domain is its counterpart at a book’s threshold and is not a domain of the grant (§4.6, the ruling).

External focalisation — Genette’s category in which the narration reports less than a character knows: behaviour and speech without interiority. §3.1, §6.3 no. 13.

First grant — Viewpoint established while the reader’s investment across the cast is still forming. Cheap. §6.6.

Focalisation — Genette’s term for the regulation of narrative information according to a perceiving position; who perceives, as distinct from who speaks. §3.1.

Focaliser — Bal’s term for the subject of focalisation. §3.1.

Free indirect style — Third-person narration whose diction and judgement are the character’s; Cohn’s narrated monologue. §3.2, §5.3.

Head-hopping — A change of focalisation within a scene in a book whose established narration is limited. Distinguished from omniscience, which is the same movement in a book that has established the right. §2.3, §8.1.

Internal focalisation — Genette’s category in which narration is restricted to what one character knows. Subdivided as fixed, variable and multiple. §3.1.

Knowledge boundary — The limit of what a vantage can know; a generative resource rather than a restriction. §5.3, §7.1 no. 8.

Later grant — Viewpoint introduced after the book has trained the reader to follow a smaller set of vantages. Expensive, in three separable charges. §6.6.

Multiple focalisation — Genette’s category in which the same events are focalised successively through different characters. The structural signature of the epistemological domain. §3.1, §4.6.

Omniscience — Zero focalisation: narration not restricted to any character’s knowledge. §3.1, §6.3 no. 10.

Page-share audit — The procedure at §5.5 for measuring the proportions of a book’s viewpoint allocation.

Psycho-narration — Cohn’s term for a narrator’s report of a character’s consciousness in the narrator’s own language. Cheaper in empathy budget than narrated or quoted monologue. §3.2.

Reflector — James’s term for a character through whose registering intelligence events are refracted without their narrating. §6.2.

Structural pacing — The domain in which the alternation of vantages is itself a rhythm instrument. §4.5.

Structural shift — A deliberate change of focaliser at a scene, section or chapter boundary. §2.1.

Sympathy engineering — The domain in which a grant complicates a verdict the reader would otherwise reach from outside. §4.4.

Viewpoint architecture — A whole-book shape of viewpoint allocation. Thirteen are tabulated at §6.3.

Viewpoint grant — The allocation to a character of access to the reader’s identification: to whom, how much, beginning when, ending when. §6.1.

Zero focalisation — See omniscience.